受到深入学习的巨大成功通过云计算和边缘芯片的快速发展的影响，人工智能研究（AI）的研究已经转移到计算范例，即云计算和边缘计算。近年来，我们目睹了在云服务器上开发更高级的AI模型，以超越传统的深度学习模型，以造成模型创新（例如，变压器，净化家庭），训练数据爆炸和飙升的计算能力。但是，边缘计算，尤其是边缘和云协同计算，仍然在其初期阶段，因为由于资源受限的IOT场景，因此由于部署了非常有限的算法而导致其成功。在本调查中，我们对云和边缘AI进行系统审查。具体而言，我们是第一个设置云和边缘建模的协作学习机制，通过彻底的审查使能够实现这种机制的架构。我们还讨论了一些正在进行的先进EDGE AI主题的潜在和实践经验，包括预先训练模型，图形神经网络和加强学习。最后，我们讨论了这一领域的有希望的方向和挑战。

联合学习（FL）已成为一个重要的机器学习范例，其中全局模型根据分布式客户端的私有数据培训。然而，由于分布转移，现有的大多数流体算法不能保证对不同客户或不同的样本组的性能公平。最近的研究侧重于在客户之间实现公平性，但它们忽视了敏感属性（例如，性别和/或种族）形成的不同群体的公平，这在实际应用中是重要和实用的。为了弥合这一差距，我们制定统一小组公平的目标，该目标是在不同群体中学习具有类似表现的公平全球模式。为了实现任意敏感属性的统一组公平，我们提出了一种新颖的FL算法，命名为集团分布强制性联邦平均（G-DRFA），其跨组减轻了与收敛速度的理论分析的分布转移。具体而言，我们将联邦全球模型的性能视为目标，并采用分布稳健的技术，以最大化最坏性地组的性能在组重新传递集团的不确定性上。我们在实验中验证了G-DRFA算法的优点，结果表明，G-DRFA算法优于统一组公平现有的公平联合学习算法。

视觉语言导航（VLN）任务要求代理商通过自然语言指令的指导到达目标。以前的作品学会在指令后逐步导航。然而，这些作品可能无法歧视跨指令轨迹对的相似性和差异，并忽略子指令的时间连续性。这些问题妨碍了代理人学习独特的视觉和语言表示，损害了导航政策的稳健性和普遍性。在本文中，我们提出了一种对比的指令轨迹学习（Citl）框架，探讨了不同数据样本的不变性，而不同的数据样本和方差以学习强大导航的独特表示。具体而言，我们提出：（1）通过分别对比完整轨迹观测和指示的语义来提高视觉和语言表示来提高视觉和语言。 （2）细粒度对比学学习目的，通过利用子指示的时间信息来感知指示; （3）对矿井硬样品对比学学习的成对采样重量机制，从而减轻了数据采样偏差在对比学习中的影响。我们的Citl可以轻松地与VLN骨干网集成，形成新的学习范例，并在看不见的环境中实现更好的普遍性。广泛的实验表明，Citl的模型超越了R2R，R4R和RXR上以前的最先进的方法。

愿景 - 语言导航（VLN）任务要求代理逐步导航，同时感知视觉观察并理解自然语言指令。大数据偏置，这是由小数据量表和大型导航空间之间的视差比率引起的，使得VLN任务具有挑战性。以前的作品提出了各种数据增强方法来减少数据偏差。但是，这些作品不会明确降低不同房间场景的数据偏差。因此，该代理将覆盖所见的场景，并在看不见的场景中实现较差的导航性能。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了随机环境混合（REM）方法，它通过混合环境作为增强数据生成交叉连接的房屋场景。具体而言，我们首先根据每个场景的房间连接图选择键视点。然后，我们交叉连接不同场景的关键视图，以构建增强场景。最后，我们在交叉连接场景中生成增强的指令路径对。基准数据集的实验结果表明，我们的增强数据通过REM帮助代理商会降低所见和看不见的环境之间的性能差距，提高整体性能，使我们的模型成为标准VLN基准的最佳现有方法。该代码已发布：https://github.com/lcfractal/vlnrem。

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains challenging due to the diversity of distortion and image content variation, which complicate the distortion patterns crossing different scales and aggravate the difficulty of the regression problem for BIQA. However, existing BIQA methods often fail to consider multi-scale distortion patterns and image content, and little research has been done on learning strategies to make the regression model produce better performance. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Progressive Multi-Task Image Quality Assessment (PMT-IQA) model, which contains a multi-scale feature extraction module (MS) and a progressive multi-task learning module (PMT), to help the model learn complex distortion patterns and better optimize the regression issue to align with the law of human learning process from easy to hard. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMT-IQA model, we conduct experiments on four widely used public datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the performance of PMT-IQA is superior to the comparison approaches, and both MS and PMT modules improve the model's performance.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.